– Exists for several years – rarely more than acentury (g) (g) Not used as a means of group identification (e) Reduced grammatical structure, limited vocabulary and a narrow range of functions- does not have inflections to mark plural /tenses- does not contain any affixes (d) The dominant group – more vocabulary (lexifier –superstrate) while the lessdominant languages – grammar (substrate) (c) Combined effort of speakers (different language) – contribute to a new variety – phonology,morphology and syntax. (b) A product of multilingual – 3 languages – one isdominant- The dominant language – superior (economical or social factor)- Two languages involved – a power struggle for dominancec) Yetspoken by millions as means of communication (a) No native speakers – no one’s native language. Pidgin has the following seven qualities: (c) Tok Pisin (which is now developed into a Creole)Ī new language which develops in situationswhere the speakers of different languagesneed to communicate but don’t share acommon language. Lingua Franca – initially developed as a trade languageFor example: (d) Chinook Jargon (American Indians) – Northwest of the US, British Colombia and Alaska (19 th Century). – Spoken in many ways and at many levels of proficiencyOther languages – lingua franca:
– Second language in other countries (India, thePhilippines and Singapore) used extensively – Spoken in many countries – a native language (b) a contact language(Greek Koine in ancient world) (a)a trade language(Swahili in East Africa) Other terms that are used to refer to linguafrancas: What is Lingua Franca?- Can be defined as:“a language which is used habitually by people whose mother tongues are different inorder to facilitate communication between them.īahasa Malaysia – lingua franca – a languageof communication between people whose firstlanguages differ.
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